Xingu: is an indigenous reserve located in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. It covers an area of 27,000 square kilometers and is home to 5,500 indigenous people of fourteen ethnic groups. It was created in 1961.

The Xingu Indigenous Park was created in 1961 by Jânio Quadros, then president of Brazil, establishing the first indigenous reserve approved by the federal government. Its main founders were the Villas Boas brothers, but it was the anthropologist and an official of the Indian Protection Service, Darcy Ribeiro, who drafted the project.